Reflection On My Experience At My Bike - 1656 Words

Reflection In class the question was posed to us, â€Å"What is the last thing you learned because you wanted to?† We were led into thinking about the amount of time invested, the resource’s used and if what we put our effort into learning, was hard. I was thinking about learning to ride my bike, it was something I was motivated to do, I remember waking up on Christmas morning and seeing for the first time my white two- wheeled bicycle with training wheels, I immediately hopped on it right there in front of the Christmas tree. Well it was taller than my little three wheeler, the seat far from the ground, and excitingly different. I’m thinking now about the opportunity given to me for that inner urge to ride, my Mother had provided the bike to me as a gift. I was subjected to the experience from an outside source. The intrinsic motivation I found within myself to try something exciting, and new, the feeling of growing up and using a big kid bike. I honestly can re member the drastic difference that tall very new and different transporter was from my three wheeled bike. It felt a small amount of fear because of the bikes height, and I had to learn the new ways to control it, yet the opportunity presented itself and that sparked my interest and drive. When it comes to motivation in the classroom and directing young children, opportunity and classroom structure are important. Yes children have an innate desire to learn, knowing how to take what is of interest to them andShow MoreRelatedWalking And Biking : Reading Skills Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pagesride a bike. Learning to read falls into this category. However, unlike walking and biking, reading skills are not suddenly obtained and then static throughout life. After learning to read initially, an individual’s reading skills, interests, and purposes further develop and change throughout their life, as though nobody ever truly learns to read. Furthermore, the means by which an individ ual improves their reading capabilities change over time as well. In the same way, I initially improved my readingRead MoreWalking And Biking By Eric Carle1192 Words   |  5 Pageswalk or ride a bike. Learning to read falls into this category. However, unlike walking and biking, reading skills are not suddenly obtained and then static throughout life. After learning to read initially, an individual’s reading skills, interests, and purposes further develop and change throughout their life. Furthermore, the means by which an individual improves their reading capabilities change over time as well. In the same way, I initially improved my reading ability and changed my interests throughRead MoreGender Through A Trans Women s Experience And Back Ground From My Personal Favorite Show955 Words   |  4 PagesLinthorne 1 In this paper, I will be critically considering the perspective of gender through a trans women’s experience and back ground from my personal favorite show, â€Å"Sense 8†. During this process, I will be explaining how people are represented by the images, stereotypes, and social norms which are conveyed in this series, while also considering the questions provided in Supplement 21 of the course text. â€Å"Sense 8† is a television series created by a trans women named Lana Wachowski, a very outstandingRead MoreReflections On My Loss Lifeline1606 Words   |  7 PagesReflections on My Loss Lifeline The earliest with loss that I remember, was when I broke my left elbow. I was at my aunt and uncles house and me and my two cousins were playing outside, it was spring time. My cousin Brett had just learned to ride a two wheeled bike without training wheels. The bike had a banana seat on it and he asked me if I wanted to ride with him. Of course, I said sure and away we went riding along the edge of the yard. We hit a rock and the bike tipped over onto a fieldRead MoreLife Of Our Time As A Student1747 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment I have chosen to go back and reflect on my reflections. My goal is to better understand the journey that I have gone through as a first-semester Writing Consultant, to highlight the anticipated challenges and the unsolicited worrying that I had at the beginning of the year, and to celebrate the progress that I’ve made along the way. I will draw upon my reflections, using specific quotes, as well as some of the course material, to understan d where my ‘ah-ha’ moments occured and where they stillRead MorePersonal Narrative1557 Words   |  7 Pagespassing by cars smoothly. I chanted I am immortal, I am a god! while I pushed my sports bike to its limit. Suddenly a black car approaches. WHAM! I get Rammed from behind and lose control of my bike slamming into a Semi-truck up ahead. Lights out. When I peeked my eyes, I saw 4 humans around me. Thump after thumb I believe I was in an ambulance rushing down the turnpike. I looked around and the first words that came to my head are â€Å"Rick this is just a dream†. This is the story of how I escaped fromRead MoreMy Writing An Argument Paper Over The Hit Podcast Serial 950 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan to type the opening paragraph for my argument paper over the hit podcast â€Å"Serial,† I began to realize I was in serious trouble as the words refused to flow. Even without any formal writing education, I prided myself on my ability to write, and conve y my ideas with ease through the means of a keyboard. By the end of these pages, it is my hope that you the reader, will be able to get a sense of the adversities I had faced, and what helped me develop my writing process, and abilities. GrowingRead MoreFinal Assignment Week 5 EXP 105827 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Reflection Assignment Learning to me is allowing your brain to receive information and then applying in to your life experiences. I feel like face to face learning is better, however, online is more convenient. I prefer face to face because it offers a more personal relationship with your classmates and your professor. Although it is not practical for my life, I do wish I could attend classes in a regular environment. Online provides me that much needed space and opportunity to move at my ownRead MoreThe Role Of Heredity And Environment On Learning Theory1009 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologists have researched this question and provided possible theories to answer it. This paper will take a look at three leading theorists on the subject-Bronfenbrenner, Piaget and Vygotsky. By means of personal reflection into my own learning experience, I will analyze which theory best describes my understanding of how people learn and why I came to that conclusion. First, let s examine Urie Bronfenbrenner s ecological systems theory about various environmental factors influence a child s developmentRead MoreMore Than Just A Diagnosis Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesa foundation and develop into becoming a well-rounded and patient-focused doctor. It has allowed me to learn a vast amount about myself and certainly has expanded my views on the importance of patient-centered healthcare. This essay is a reflective piece where I will expand on the story of Miss X and some specific learning experiences that have helped me appreciate the integrated approach to the healing process of medicine as well as the importance of the doctor-patient relationship. Approximately

Underrated Concerns About Samples of Essay Proposals You Need to Read About

Underrated Concerns About Samples of Essay Proposals You Need to Read About Obviously, there are instances once your instructor may offer certain topics to work on or a set of topics from which you may select. Necessary Resources The literary work a student chooses to create a collage on will determine how long is necessary to totally finish the undertaking. Each student must choose one reading that we've done so far or will read later on, and no 2 students may select the identical work. Students who find they lack the skills necessary to research and formulate decent essay topic ideas should think about getting assistance from our experts. Finding a job as a supermarket cashier doesn't require schooling essay outlines sample or any form of certification. Still, online courses aren't the solution. You want to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Quite simply, in the event the student fails to report to a specific number of class sessions, the student might be dropped from the class. Introducing Samples of Essay Proposals You may also learn to tie the several sections of the paper together to offer a cohesive reading. Feel free to request adjustments if you think that any portion of the paper fails to fulfill your expectations. The paper is ready You get the last version and can request the modifications to be made. Such a paper should concentrate on the advantages and disadvantages of the method and compare it to similar procedures. The lines below showcase a diverse collection of school magazine names you may use as ideas to produce your very own personalized names. With our custom made essay offer, you can be guaranteed to get any sort of essay help you are searching for. Actually, besides asking for help with the subject, you may also request for a customized paper, written based on the instructions as set out in your prompt. In reality, along with getting a sample or help with only the subject, you can order an original custom made paper from our qualified experts. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Brainstorm a list of potential topics and pick one you're passionate about. Look at a few of my articles for topic ideas if you need assistance. Utilizing a writing service is the perfect means to have a well-written essay to use as a guideline to make sure the essays you write are hitting all the essential points and are at the appropriate depth needed for your academic grade. Writing about yourself can be challenging, so start by organizing your ideas and listing examples of your finest traits, which you may then use in your letter to earn your case. Irrespective of whether you will need thesis statement examples for a persuasive essay or any sort of writing assistance, you're in the correct location. You may also gain from our on-line thesis statement examples and writing assistance if you should finish your paper fast. All About Samples of Essay Proposals The present ruling government isn't performing its functions as promised, and officials are excessively busy enriching their pockets rather than governing effectively. Well everyone demands some kind of assistance from time to time. State the overall amount you'r e requesting, then break down the spending for each portion of the undertaking. The people there are well-versed with the full procedure of debt negotiation. Should you need samples fast, then you are going to almost certainly enjoy our simple three-step practice. In some instances, the available documents can have marginal information regarding the development route as that info is obtainable from elsewhere. 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Some things require more thought, like deciding what things to eat, or what to wear for a specific occasion. The Most Popular Samples of Essay Proposals Assuming you have some idea on the overall area you want to deal with in your essay, the upcoming crucial step is choosing l isting down anything you know on the problem. Because there are a lot of articles and websites readily available on the web, it is quite tricky to identify what point of view the Internet for a whole is hoping to give to the world. There's no ideal solution about how to compose an effective essay. Our on-line essay writing company is very particular when it regards the requirements of our clientele.

Housing Problems and Options for Improvement Essay Example For Students

Housing Problems and Options for Improvement Essay Everyone needs a house. Rich people poor people; all people are included. This is a problem, because housing costs a great deal of money. Poor people that can barely afford food and clothing also have a difficult time finding affordable housing. As a result, some live in unsafe and unsanitary conditions that are badly in need of repair. As we read in several Los Angeles Times articles, there are many people here in the Valley that live in places like these, and that live way below the poverty line. Many of these unkempt dwellings reside in the inner city of large urban areas, such as Los Angeles, Philadelphia or Chicago. According to our textbook, Urban Economics, (page 338) Poverty rates in the central city are about two times higher then the poverty rates for suburban areas. In some metropolitan areas, the differences in poverty rates are even higher.Poor people reside in the central city for two different reasons, according to discussions on various economic models from lecture. First, the farther away that you get from the central business district, the higher your transportation costs to get to your job (assuming that the job is located in the CBD). If you can not afford to commute to your work, you will be unable to keep your job, making you worse off economically. Therefore, you would chose to locate your residence close to your place of employment (closer to the CBD) in order to reduce your transportation costs. IF you live close enough to your place of employment, you may not need to use any form of transportation other then your feet, which doesnt cost you anything but your time. The second reason has to do with where new houses are built. New homes are built on land that was previously undeveloped, usually located on the outer edge of the residential district, furthest away from the central business district. The wealthiest people move into these new homes, leaving the upper middle class to move into their old residences. This trickle down effect does hold true at the bottom end of the scale as well. The poor that are on the margin of being considered middle class will be able to afford to move into nicer houses. The poorest people are left to keep occupying the oldest homes, located in the inner city, thereby keeping the inner cities poor. Now, it seems terrible to allow people to live in low quality homes, and some people feel that the way to get poor people into nicer homes is to require the building owners to upgrade their buildings. First, in order to revamp the building, the owner would have to charge the tenants a higher rent to pay for these changes. The poor are barely able to pay the rent at the current price, and most will be unable to afford a rent hike. Upgrading these buildings would place them in a different category (they would be fit for middle class tenants, rather then remaining housing for the poor), forcing the poor to look for other, rare housing that they can afford. To help reduce the problem, the government has implemented programs to ensure everyone has access to adequate housing. One of the governments ventures includes employment and job training programs. Our text tells us on page 357 that, Employment programs operate on the demand side of the market, providing direct employment for the poor. Job training programs operate on the supply side of the market: they increase the labor skills of the poor, making them more attractive to private industry. By offering poor people these services, they are better able to obtain the funds needed to live in decent housing through employment. The government has also introduced housing subsidies to the poor, to better equip them to pay rent for sanitary living space. .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 , .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .postImageUrl , .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 , .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:hover , .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:visited , .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:active { border:0!important; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:active , .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5 .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u46bdc4437236470b0466489a8430fdf5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Advantages For, And About Children Essay Section 8 certificates are given to individuals who are considered to have very low income to help them pay for housing. The recipient of the certificate is required to contribute 30% of their income towards housing costs, while the government writes a check for the remainder. There are also housing certificates that work very similarly to the Section 8 certificates. The effect that these vouchers have on the market is a negative one. By giving people free money for housing the government is pushing up the average market price of housing. These vouchers shift the demand curve for housing to the right. The supply of housing does not change therefore the new equilibrium is a higher price then without the vouchers. Another option is public housing projects. This could be a decent idea, but the way that most projects are set up make them doomed from the start. Low-income people are put into these apartment-like complexes, concentrating a large amount of poorer people in a small place. These people do not own their units, and because of this, they treat them poorly. Without property rights for your residence, you are not likely to upkeep the structure, or its contents. It is for this reason that housing projects are in such poor condition. In addition, with the high concentration of poor people, there is also a great deal of crime within the projects. Most taxpayers are in favor of public housing rather then housing vouchers. This is because of the resulting higher price of housing with the voucher program. The government should keep the idea of public housing, but they need to re-think the design of projects in order to make them more successful. If the government would include some type of ownership provisions for the tenants of the projects, there would be a great deal of positive change for the community. If you own your dwelling, you suddenly become more interested in the safety and upkeep of your community. As we discussed in class, this type of community leads to groups such as the Neighborhood Watch. Bibliography:

The Scarlett Letter Review Essay Example For Students

The Scarlett Letter Review Essay The Scarlet Letter is a movie that has changed many times and in this summary I will tryto stick to this one movie, even though I may compare it to the novel. As you alreadyknow, The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne dealing with the times ofthe Salem witch trials and puritan life. It is said that Hawthorne was very focused onthese times because he felt guilty because his ancestors sent many men and womenthrough various trails including burning and drowning them. Hawthorne is a great writerand one of my personal favorites, he writes in such a way that a vision is formed in yourmind and he shows the feelings of those in his stories, real or imagined. For preset the movie is told from Pearls eyes as if looking back on the lover hermother and father shared and their trials to be together. It begins with Mistress HesterPrin coming to the colonies without her husband, which many viewed as odd anyway. Hester finds her a nice cottage on the coast and precedes to buy help and live fairlynormal. Many look down on her because she is alone and they expect something terribleof her. There is a group of women that take her in because they too are shunned fromsociety, this group includes Harriet, she is very helpful and friendly to Hester throughoutthe movie. One day while Hester is gardening she sees a red bird and follows it to whereshe sees a young man swimming in the nude. On the Sabbath on her way to church hercarriage gets stuck in the mud, and the nude swimmer helps her and admits that he hasbeen trespassing on her property. The two get to town and he disappears before she canget his name. Then she enters and sits and he enters the pulpit. After the service they areproperly introduced and he finds out that she is married. You can see in his eyes that thistruly hurts him especially since many, many women introduce her to him as Mrs. RogerPrin. The two a obviously very intrigued with each other and eventually their passion isfreed on a chance meeting. Hes ter then realizes she is pregnant and one of the ladies thatalso joins her at Harriets told the elders, because she had saw Hester throw up in themorning hours. Hester refused to reveal the father and lie in prison until her child wasborn. Rev. Dimsdale came to visit everyday and everyday he was turned away, he reallyloved Hester and did not want her to suffer alone, but promised to keep the secretpaternity until she said otherwise. After Pearl, the bastard child, was born, Dimsdalecame to baptize the child and it was the first time he saw and held his only child. Afterthese events, the two were set free from the prison, but Hester was sentenced to wear hershame for all to see, she was required to wear an A pinned to her bosom at all times andwhen she was in town, there was a drummer hired to follow her around. Hester thoughther husband Roger was dead but he soon came around after being an Indian prisoner for awhile. He said that he would not punish her for this behavior but the man that wouldntstep out from behind her skirttails. Roger pretended to be a doctor to probe the mindsand hearts of the community to find out who was his betrayer. Once watching thereverend for a while and seeing him go to the scaffold and puncture himself on a nightlybasis, he realizes that this man is the one in the wrong. He then contrives a plan to killhim that he had learned from the Indians. One night Hester heard a noise outside hercottage and went out to investigate and called out Arthurs name, only he was not the onethere. It was a man that had had his eye on Hester since she arrived. He was trying torape her when she jabbed a candle into his eye, and he left in a hurry on his horse. Roger, also thinking that the returning man was Dimsdale jumped him from a tree in thewoods and scalped him. As the body was brought back into town the next morning,Roger is enjoying his prize and at that moment realizes that he has killed the wrong man,and hangs himself for he sure that he will b e found out. Somewhere at about this pointHester, Pearl, Harriet, and many other women are accused of witchcraft and sentenced tohang. At the moment when the women are on the scaffold, Arthur comes forward withthe truth about everything and volunteers to hang for there is no witchcraft it is simply asin that implanted these fears in the community. As Arthur slips his neck into the nooseand all watch and cheer Hang Him!, the council wont allow it and he is free. Thethree are then a family and bury Roger and leave the town that caused them all such pain. .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb , .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .postImageUrl , .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb , .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:hover , .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:visited , .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:active { border:0!important; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:active , .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u053237f80c9400ef1a5a9fd0630a50cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prospero And Shakespeare Essay Paper We will write a custom essay on The Scarlett Letter Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I really enjoyed the movie even though it strayed from the novel on variousoccasions, such as how they met and why Harriet was shunned, because in the novel shewas the Sunday school teacher. Anyway, the story line was basically the same and it wasvery enjoyable. It showed many of the things that people did years and years ago and thebeliefs that they shared. It gave a view of this so-called Christian world when peoplewere indicted and sentenced for the slightest thing and freedom didnt really exist. Itallowed you to slip back in time and you could feel Hesters beliefs and pains. Also thepain of Arthur from his hiding his guilt for so long. The love story allows you to get lostin the story line and know that the two of them had a real love, a strong love.

My Life as a Teenage Mother essays

My Life as a Teenage Mother essays Hi! My name is Karina Rosales I am 22 years old and I am a teen parent. I was 13 years old when I found out I was pregnant. At first I was in denial until a pregnancy test confirmed it. I could not believe what that pregnancy test said because I never planned to be pregnant or had even thought of. I always thought being young and pregnant couldnt happen to me; also I had little information about how to prevent pregnancy and even less about being a parent. When I told my mother that I was pregnant, she was in shock - she couldnt believe it. Eventually, she accepted what was happening and was there to support me. My father, however, didn't speak to me when he found out. I continued to go to school as an eighth grade student at Spring Woods Middle School. I was the only pregnant eighth grader and the other students stared at me and that made me feel sad. When I was about seven months pregnant I had to leave school because I became sick from my pregnancy, so I went to a school that I could attend only two days a week. Finally, I went into labor on Tuesday, January 29, 2003. I was in severe pain so I decided it was time to go to the hospital. At 9am, my mother picked me up from my boyfriends house and took me to the hospital. When I arrived at the hospital, the pain had gotten worse I was in so much pain that all I could do was cry. The nurses checked me in and found that I was 5cm dilated. An hour passed and I was ready to get an epidural to help ease the pain. Giving birth was one of the most difficult things I have ever done. My baby, Ruth Michelle Perez was born on January 30, 2003 at 1:03pm. Her dad was not at the birth because he was in school and he didnt see her until she was a week old. Time has passed and I've had two more babies. I was only 15 and I had three children. If you ask me why I had more children, my answer would be, 'I dont know'. Maybe it was because I lived through an...

Changing Your Address With the Canada Revenue Agency

Changing Your Address With the Canada Revenue Agency When you move, you should notify the Canada Revenue Agency  as soon as possible. Keeping your address up to date will make sure that you receive your income tax refund and benefit payments, including related provincial payments, such as GST/HST credit payments, universal child care benefit payments, Canada child tax benefit payments and working income tax benefit advance payments, without interruption. You cant change your address as youre using NETFILE to file your income taxes online. Personal information is not passed along with the online return. You must change your address before you submit your income tax return by NETFILE. There are several ways to inform the CRA of your change of address. Online Use the My Account Tax Service. By Phone Call the Individual Income Tax Enquiries telephone service at 1-800-959-8281. Complete an Address Change Request Form You can print and complete the address change request form and mail it to the appropriate tax center listed on the bottom of the form. You can fill it in online, then save it to file or print it, sign it and then send it to your tax center, following the CRA instructions. Write or Fax the CRA Send a letter or fax to your CRA tax center. Include your signature, social insurance number, old and new address and the date of your move. If you are including other people in your change of address request, such as your spouse or non-married partner, be sure to include information for each person and make sure each person also signs the letter to authorize the change.

Behavioural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavioural Studies - Essay Example The definition highlights that organisational stakeholders will have similar overall goals and objectives but there will be some key differences not only in the importance placed on each but also how the organisation achieves them. An organisation's stakeholders can include an almost endless list of employee's, suppliers, customers, shareholders etc that can be broken down and sorted into various groups with independent goals and objectives designed to meet their own view of effective organisational behaviour. An example of stakeholder conflict can be seen at The Countryside Agency, a government body with the aim of 'improving the quality of the Countryside for those who use it and the quality of life for people in rural communities'. Simply by dissecting the aim of the body it is possible to see that there are clearly conflicting interests at an organisational level because it is trying to satisfy two major external groups at the outset by balancing the needs of those who live in Th e Countryside with those who visit it. Internal stakeholders such as the finance department view their role as ensuring that any public money that has been spent was justifiable and recorded and stored accurately. This is often to the annoyance of the Policy work areas who feel stronger about improving the countryside than the bureaucratic process of justifying and recording public spending often seeing the financial procedures as a time consuming hindrance. This conflict means that each stakeholder will have a different view of whether the organisation is successful or not and will have different solutions to what they individually see as being the key obstacles to success. When looking at how the management of people can contribute to effective organisational behaviour, development and good health through leadership it is important to establish the differences between management and leadership. Some theorists hold the opinion that leadership is one area of the management role and in order to be a successful manager they must possess some leadership skills by default. The argument for differentiating between leaders and managers was started by Zaleznik (1977, 2004) in 'Manager and Leaders: Are they different' where he argued "the difference between managers and leaders lies in the conceptions they hold, deep in their psyches, of chaos and order". A more recent argument suggests that "a manager can be regarded as someone who by definition is assigned a position of leadership in an organisation" (Buchanan and Huczynski, 1985). This definition suggests that managers are in positions of leadership but may not necessarily be leaders. The definition therefore suggests that leadership is in some way an extension of the management function. In 'what leaders really do' Kotter (1990, 2001) argues that "Leadership is not necessarily better than management. Rather leadership and management are two distinctive and complementary systems of action. Each has its own function and characteristic activities". In the article Kotter identifies what he sees as the key functions of leadership and management. Management roles are concerned with "bringing a degree of order and consistency to key dimensions like the quality and profitability of products" (Kotter, 1990, 2001). Key aspects of the management

Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scholarship, Practice, and Leadership - Essay Example Students need to be motivated to acquire knowledge through the use of scholarly material and develop appropriate skills of critical thinking to synthesize information to optimize learning experience. The role of education leaders therefore becomes hugely important for creating a facilitating environment of learning within and outside academia for students. Significance of Information literacy Turusheva (2009) has broadly defined information literacy as the ability of individual to locate information and critically evaluate it for using it efficiently to improve learning experience. Scholarly material is important for advancing knowledge and technology greatly helps to access myriad information at the shortest possible time. Google has become major platform for accessing information on internet, both by students and people at large. The teachers become key facilitators for imparting skills and promoting effective mechanisms of locating pertinent information in academia. Indeed, the le adership initiatives of educators have increasing become critical paradigm that shapes the mindset of young scholars and encourage them for information literacy that can exploit their ability to think critically. Indeed, it has been acknowledged as important educational goal that promotes critical thinking and effective decision making for solving problems based on informed choice (Li & Lester, 2009). Information literacy has therefore emerged as vital tool for developing skills and capabilities for mastering the academic content and applying the same in learning processes as well as in their lives. The purpose is to enhance scholarship through practice and inculcate skills for life long learning. Information literacy is intrinsic part of education that should be fostered from the early education so that later on, students are better equip to synthesize information from various sources for maximising their academic achievements (Badke, 2009). This is a very pertinent issue because u nless the habit of information literacy is inculcated within students from their early years, they would not be able to discern the importance of credible information and apply it successfully within their education or use it in their lives. Russell (2009) has also corroborated that many students lack information competencies when they go for higher education. The gap makes it difficult for them to maintain their grades. Thus, it needs to be part of curricula as it broadens perspective of education and offers students with more opportunities to differentiate the important issue from the irrelevant ones. Technology has considerably contributed to information literacy. The Google search engine is the most popular tool to locate academic and no-academic source of information. But internet needs to be used judiciously for optimizing learning. While it has made it easy for students to seek information, it has also reduced one’s power of concentration and reshaped intellectual capa bilities. Carr (2002) says that internet surfers have increasingly developed the habit of skimming the text. This adversely impacts their learning processes as lack of focus and concentration also leads to lack of in-depth knowledge about important issues. Scholars’ concern on the validity of the same is therefore genuine when they question the accuracy or credibility of the information and critical evaluation of the same (Badke, 2009;

1984 by George Orwell Essay Example for Free

1984 by George Orwell Essay Winston made up his mind, he would defiantly come back to this place after a suitable interval. He would take the risk of visiting the shop again. He would look around more, find other interesting things from the mysterious past. He was even considering of renting that nice little room above the shop. And he would definitely drag the rest of that song out of Mr. Charringtons memory. Almost cheerfully and while humming the rhyme to an improvised tune, he left the shop. After reading through the extract I must come to the conclusion that Winston must have had a nice, if not great experience visiting the shop. The objects in the shop and especially in the living room upstairs made Winston long to the mysterious past, the very thing he desperately wants to discover more about. The atmosphere in the extract reflects this in the mysterious way that it is written by George Orwell. The reader can actually share the impression of the cozy room with its sweet fire place and go through the same emotions as Winston, due to the detailed description by the author. In this passage we deal with something that is called a time-delay. The actions in this passage are described more detailed than in the passage that comes before it. There is also a lot of thinking and reflection involved. To make an end to this essay I would like to discuss one more thing. In this extract Mr.Charrington appears as a nice old grandfather kind of man that obviously has experienced a lot during his live and fortunately is somehow preserved from the bad influence Big Brothers regime. We get the impression that Mr. Charrington could know things about the past of great value to Winston. We want to read ahead and find out if our impressions will be realized. We also want to know how Winston will develop through this obtained knowledge, what his opinion will be on the present government when he finds out the truth about the past.

The Evils Of To Kill A Mockingbird :: essays research papers

Has evil always been around, or did man create it? One could trace evil all the way back to Adam and Eve; however, evil came to them, but it was not in them. When did evil become part of a person? No one knows, but evil has been around for a long time and unfortunately is discovered by everyone. In many great classics in literature evil is at the heart or the theme of the novel, including Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. This classic book demonstrates the growing up of two children in the South and illustrates the theme of evil by showing how they discover, how they deal, and how they reconcile themselves to the evils they experience. First, the trial of Tom Robinson is an eye-opening experience for Jem and Scout; there they discover hatred, child abuse, and lying. Seeing pure hate is new and strange for Jem and Scout. They know that prejudice does exist, but listening to and watching Bob Ewell during the trial is astounding to them because Bob Ewell abhors all blacks, especially Tom Robinson. Bob’s daughter, Mayella, makes an advance on Tom, which is absolutely unspeakable and shameful at that time. In addition, Bob Ewell’s hate grows (especially for Atticus) because after the trial his reputation and respect is ruined, even though he does not have a high degree of integrity to begin with. Also, through the Jones 2 verdict of the trial, Jem and Scout see the hate in jurors for blacks, for it is obvious that Tom Robinson is innocent. Another new and disturbing element that Jem and Scout discover is child abuse. Having never been hit by Atticus, the children know nothing of physical, mental, emotional, or sexual abuse. However, Mayella Ewell knows too well of these abuses and is a victim of them from her own father. Bob Ewell shows he has no consideration for her by his actions or words, and this is clearly displayed during the trial when he is being asked on the stand, "Are you the father of Mayella Ewell?" (172) His crude reply is, "Well, if I ain’t I can’t do nothing about it now"(172). This shows he has no class or respect, while on the other hand, Jem and Scout are used to seeing the example of their tactful father. Also, during the trial it becomes lucid that Bob Ewell beat Mayella up and not Tom Robinson.

War Poetry Wilfred Owen

War Poetry I have studied two poems, ‘Dulce et decorum est' and ‘The Sentry' both by the poet Wilfred Owen. The first one I will study is ‘Dulce et Decorum est'. The first thing Owen does is to give us a vivid description of what is happening, he tells us that he and his men are marching away from the trenches, and the way Owen describes his men gives us a clear picture of what they have been through. â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags† They had been in the trenches, terrible places, with bullets and shells flying constantly overhead, explosions all around, the constant fear of death.These men were leaving the hell of the front, they were going to rest. But they still have a long way to go before they are safe, they are still within the range of artillery. Despite of this, they march on â€Å"towards their distant rest†, they are walking in deep mud, which covered most of the battlefield, and for this reaso n, there are some of the men have no boots on, but still they â€Å"limp on, blood shod†. They are described as being â€Å"drunk with fatigue†, they are exhausted, but still, they march on. Then suddenly, the call â€Å"Gas!Gas! Quick boys! â€Å", a gas shell had dropped nearby. Gas was the most brutal of weapons used in the war, it burned the skin, the eyes, and when breathed in, it burnt the lungs, which the body then filled with water, bringing on a slow agonising death for the unfortunate victim. The soldiers' reaction to this attack is described as â€Å"an ecstasy of fumbling†, which is a great way of describing what is happening, the men are trying desperately to get out their gas masks before they are engulfed by the cloud.

Living Like a Weasel

A mind-changing unexpected encounter Didn't we all had one or several moments in life that made you see yourself, the way you live in a whole new perspective? That special moment where it felt like lightning struck you and you changed your perspective of life? For some of you might have been the birth of your child or the moving to a different country? To Dillard it was the unexpected encounter with a weasel. Annie Dillard was born in 1945 and it seems like she always had a thirst for reading, writing and overall literature.She studied literature and creative writing and has wrote several books, novels and essays and even won the Pulitzer Price for â€Å"Pilgrim at the Creek†. Thus I think it was really interesting to read one of her shorter works â€Å"Living Like a Weasel†, a story in which Annie Dillard describes her magical unexpected encounter with a Weasel in six parts. Dillard starts out by directly pointing to the ‘weasel topic' by introducing it with a sh ort 4 word sentence â€Å"A weasel is wild†(Diyanni, p. 97).She goes on with a question to get the readers' attention and let them be part of her journey, â€Å"Who knows what he thinks† (Diyanni, p. 97). A detailed description of a weasel's hunting habit follows. It almost come across as a beast in a horror movie and the adjectives intensify the mental image, â€Å"he bites his prey by the neck, either splitting the jugular vein at the throat or crunching the brain at the base of the skull†(Diyanni, p. 97). She uses the two comparisons of a rattle snake and a sticky label to enhance the image of the weasel that will never let go once it sunk its teeth in something.The first part creates a negative image of a wild weasel. In the second part Dillard explains why she knows all the previous stated facts in the introduction because she recently saw a weasel. After she briefly mentions this fact she guides us in to her world away from civilization. â€Å"Hollis Pond , †¦ also called Murray's Pond†. Her description is again very detailed, such as including the number 6 two times, â€Å"With six inches of water and six thousand lily pads†.Six is considered to be the most harmonious number, with â€Å"a loving and caring nature† (www. numerology. com) and underlines the cozy impression the reader gets when she describes the peaceful, to Dillard even magical pond, â€Å"from the distant shore they look like miracles itself, complete with miracle's nonchalance† (Diyanni, p. 98). Even though suburbia is a common term Dillard almost makes it seem like Hollis Pond is an own little world named suburbia, â€Å"This, mind you, suburbia† (Diyanni, p. 98), placed in the middle of civilization.However when you are there you feel like you are in a completely different place, where nothing of the rest of the world is noticable. She even defines frontiers of her â€Å"suburbia†, â€Å"there is a 55 mph highway at o ne end of the pond, and a pair of nesting wood ducks at the other† (Diyanni, p. 100). Furthermore Dillard repeats the number five twice, â€Å"It is a five-minute walk†, â€Å"55mph highway†. The number five symbolizes dynamic and energy, it represents the life style of every day's life, that is mostly hectic and fast, people do not rest and take in the moment.Dillard bans this hectic environment from her world, in which she is the queen. It seems like she is above it and sits on a throne-like bench, which is supported by several adjectives such as â€Å"upholstered bench†, â€Å"upper†, â€Å"plush jetty raised†,†watching the lily pads at my feet† (Diyanni, p. 99). Then all of a sudden she has an unexpected encounter with the weasel. Her upper dominant position is mentioned once more, â€Å"I was looking down at the weasel, who was looking up at me† (Diyanni, p. 99).The third part of Dillard's essay begins with the descrip tion of the weasel. However it is not nearly as negative as it was in the beginning but rather positive, â€Å"thin as a curve, a muscled ribbon, brown as fruitwood, soft furred† (Diyanni, p. 99). Both, human and animal, exchange glances and hold eye-contact for several seconds. For Dillard it seems to be a magical moment as if the two have a mutual, unspoken understanding and goes on with emphasizing this for her extremely special meeting.The weasel is the one to break off the eye contact, but Dillard tries to gain it again. This is the first clear moment where the theme wildness and necessity versus consciousness and choice comes up. For the weasel it was nothing special, it only checked if the human would harm it in any way. However due to the human's consciousness Dillard interprets a whole new meaning into this encounter, for a minute she was mentally connected with an wild animal. She even asks herself what a weasel might think and thus puts it on the same level as huma n.Part four continues with the change that the unexpected meeting has caused in Dillard. It seems like her mind switched and experienced an eye-opener. Now Dillard is aware of the fact that she should live life to the fullest, just like the weasel does â€Å"I would like to live as I should† (Diyanni, p. 100), that she needs to change her previous life style, â€Å"I would like to live as I should† (Diyanni, p. 100). Part five begins with regrets that she has about her life, â€Å"I missed my chance†. The whole two paragraphs are marked with ways she could life.She uses various metaphors and comparisons as if she was a weasel but those stylistic device do not necessarily explain how she wants to change her life style, but rather establishes the question of the social interaction and living with each other â€Å"Could two live under the wild rose†¦?†¦ We could you know. † She answers all questions in the second paragraph that she asked herself as ked in the first, â€Å" A weasel doesn't ‘attack' anything; a weasel lives as he is meant to† (Diyanni, p. 101) The sixth and last part is about Dillard's conviction, that the weasel's life can be used as an example.That you should free yourself from all consciousness and live in necessity, to open up and enjoy life, to put your inside and your feelings to the outside and strip down to the bones, â€Å"let your musky flesh fall off in shreds† (Diyanni, p. 101). I enjoyed reading this essay and for myself gained a different perspective off of it. However I think Dillard saw something that was not there. She interpreted a new life perspective into her encounter with a weasel. It is a good example of that human beings are superior to all other animals.We have consciousness and try to connect events and make sense out of them. We constantly look for change and strive for better. To me Dillard took it a notch to far with the mind connecting, however it made me think, it convinced me that sometimes that you need to grab life by its throat and take it all in without thinking too much, seize the day and once in a while, live a little mindless. References: Annie Dillard: Living like a Weasel in: Diyanni, Robert:50 Great Essays. 4th. New York City: Penguin Academics, 2010. Print. http://www. anniedillard. com/ http://www. numerology. com/numerology-numbers/6

Words to Use Instead of Said

Words to Use Instead of Said Its common to use the verb say over and over again when writing dialogue. Not only is he said she said repetitive, but its also not very descriptive. To better describe the feelings behind the reported speech and other statements in narrative writing, its important to use vocal verbs and adverbs. Vocal verbs and adverbs help provide motivation behind statements, questions, and replies and convey important information to readers. Each vocal verb and vocal adverb has a short description of typical usage, as well as an example statement illustrating how to replace he said she said with something much more descriptive. Vocal Verbs Vocal verbs provide information on the tone of the statement. For example, the vocal verb moan indicates that something is said in a complaining fashion in a low voice. These vocal verbs are grouped by a general indication of the type of statement made. Speaking Suddenly blurtexclaimgaspsnap Examples: Alison blurted out the answer.Jack gasped in reaction to the scene.I snapped a quick response to his question. Providing Advice or an Opinion advisearguecautionnoteobservewarn Examples: Pete cautioned the children to be careful.The teacher observed that the exercise was difficult.The driver warned his passengers about the noise. Being Loud exclaimbellowcallcryscreamshoutyell Examples: She shouted out the answer.The boys screamed as they dived into the cold water.The mother cried out in disdain when her son was accused of the crime. Complaining The following four vocal verbs are often used to describe someone complaining:   groanmoanmumblemutter Examples: Jack mumbled his responses to the questions.He muttered so badly that they couldnt understand him.I moaned that I was hurt. Speaking with Authority or Command announceassertorder Examples: The teacher announced the exam at the end of the week.Jane asserted her rights as a voter.The police ordered the protesters away from the area. Vocal Adverbs Vocal verbs provide information on the manner in which the statement is made. Vocal adverbs are often used to provide additional information on the feeling that the speaker has when making a statement. For example, the vocal adverb joyfully indicates that something is said with great joy. For example, He joyfully exclaimed the news! indicates that the speaker is happy when making the statement. Compare this to He arrogantly exclaimed the news,  which conveys very different information about the speaker. Common Vocal Adverbs admiringly: indicates respect for someoneExample:Alice admiringly noticed his clothes. angrily: indicates angerExample:She angrily denounced his crimes. casually: without much importanceExample:She casually conceded her mistake. cautiously: in a careful mannerExample:She cautiously mentioned the extra homework. cheerfully:  indicates joy, happinessExample:Frank cheerfully agreed to do the job. decisively:  indicates a belief in the statement madeExample:Ken decisively replied to the question. defiantly: indicates a challenge to somethingExample:Peter defiantly taunted his classmates. formally: proper, through official channelsExample:Josh formally complained to the personnel department. harshly: indicates critical judgmentExample:The teacher harshly scolded the children. meekly: indicates quietness, shynessExample:Jennifer meekly mumbled her apology. offensively:  indicates rudenessExample:Alan offensively argued his point about schooling. sternly: indicates authorityExample:The teacher sternly stated that all reports were due on Friday. thankfully: indicates gratitudeExample:Jane thankfully accepted the job offer. wisely: indicates  experience or intelligenceExample:Angela wisely commented on the situation.

Learn the Spanish Abbreviations You Should Know

Learn the Spanish Abbreviations You Should Know Spanish has dozens of abbreviations, and theyre common in both formal and informal writing. Differences Between Abbreviations in English and Spanish Unlike in English, where most abbreviations are capitalized, many Spanish abbreviations are not. Generally, abbreviations that are capitalized are personal titles (such as Sr. and Dr., even though the words themselves are not capitalized when spelled out) and those derived from proper nouns. But there are exceptions. Note also that, as in English, some abbreviations are used with or without periods varying with the style of writer or publication. The points of the compass usually arent abbreviated in running text. List of Spanish Abbreviations Here are the most common Spanish abbreviations. This list is far from complete, as Spanish has hundreds of abbreviations. Among those not listed here are those that are common in only one country, including acronyms for government agencies such as JUJEM for Junta de Jefes del Estado Mayor, the Spanish Joint Chiefs of Staff. This list shows the Spanish abbreviation in boldface, the Spanish meaning and the corresponding English abbreviation or translation. A/A - a la atencià ³n - to the attentiona.C., a. de C., a.J.C., a. de J.C. - antes de Cristo, antes de Jesucristo - B.C. (before Christ), BCE (before Common Era)a. m. - antes del mediodà ­a - a.m. (before noon)apdo. - apartado postal - P.O. Boxaprox. - aproximadamente - approximatelyAv., Avda. - avenida - Ave. (avenue, in addresses)Bs. As. - Buenos Aires - Buenos Airescap.o - capà ­tulo - chapterc.c. - centà ­metros cà ºbicos - c.c. (cubic centimeters)Cà ­a - compaà ±Ãƒ ­a - Co. (company)cm - centà ­metros - cm. (centimeters)c/u - cada uno - apieceD. - don - SirDa. - doà ±a - Madamd.C., d. de C., d.J.C., d. de J.C. - despuà ©s de Cristo, despuà ©s de Jesucristo - A.D. (anno domini), CE (Common Era)dna. - docena - dozenDr., Dra. - doctor, doctora - Dr.E - este (punto cardinal) - E (east)EE. UU. - Estados Unidos - U.S.esq. - esquina - street corneretc. - etcà ©tera - etc.f.c., F.C. - ferrocarril - R.R. (railroad)FF. AA. - fuerzas armadas - armed forcesGob. - gobierno - Gov.Gral. - general - Gen. (military title)h. - hora - hour Ing. - ingeniero - engineerkg - kilogramos - kg (kilograms)km/h - kilà ³metros por hora - kilometers per hourl - litros - litersLic. - licenciado - attorneym - metros - metersmm - milà ­metros - millimetersm.n. - moneda nacional - sometimes used to distinguish the national currency from others, especially in areas used by foreign touristsms. - manuscrito - manuscriptN - norte - N (north)no., nà ºm. - nà ºmero - No. (number)O - oeste - W (west)OEA - Organizacià ³n de Estados Americanos - OAS (Organization of American States)ONU - Organizacià ³n de Naciones Unidas - UN (United Nations)OTAN - La Organizacià ³n del Tratado Atlntico Norte - NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)pg. - pgina - pageP.D. - postdata - P.S.Pdte., Pdta. - presidente (masculine), presidenta (feminine) - presidentp.ej. - por ejemplo - e.g. (for example)p. m. - post meridien - p.m. (after noon)Prof, Profa. - profesor, profesora - Professorq.e.p.d. - que en paz de scanse - R.I.P. (rest in peace)S - sur - S (south)S.A. - Sociedad Anà ³nima - Inc. S.L. - Sociedad Limitada - Ltd.Sr. - seà ±or - Mr.Sra. - seà ±ora - Mrs., Ms.Srta. - seà ±orita - Miss, Ms.s.s.s. - su seguro servidor - your faithful servant (used as a closing in correspondence)tel. - telà ©fono - telephoneUd., Vd., Uds., Vds. - usted, ustedes - youv. - và ©ase - go seevol. - volumen - vol. (volume)W.C. - water closet - bathroom, toilet Abbreviations for Ordinal Numbers Just as in English we might use a spelling such as 5th for fifth, Spanish speakers often abbreviate ordinal  numbers using the numerals themselves. A big difference in Spanish is that the abbreviations vary with gender. For example, octavo (eighth) is written as 8o if its masculine and 8a if its feminine. Such forms arent common for numbers above 10. Note that in masculine forms a superscripted zero is used rather than a degree symbol.

Human Resources Within The Company Research Paper

Human Resources Within The Company - Research Paper Example The goals of PAC Resources Inc. have been met to a certain degree through the development and implementation of new training programs in the company. The severe employee unrest in PAC which occurred three years ago made it clear that the company needed to change its human resource policies and programs. The new training programs including in-house training activities have helped the employees of PAC to remain well informed about the human resource initiatives taken by the company and as a result driven the growth of motivation among the employees. The training programs of PAC Resources Inc. have been suitably established but a number of scopes for improvement can be identified in the existing training programs. Firstly, the company should facilitate better communication between the employees and the upper management to ensure that the training programs can be easily assimilated by the employee groups and actually bear results. Secondly, the aggressive training programs should be made more employees friendly so that the employees are encouraged to attend the training programs regularly. Knowledge management has been identified as a key area within the organizational capabilities of PAC Resources Inc. that needs extensive improvement. Therefore, the management of PAC has included a functional knowledge management system within the human resource management processes. This is aimed at improving the maintenance and transfer of knowledge within the company. The company has taken steps to improve communication among the employee groups as well as between the individual employees and the line managers and the upper management. An open door policy has been introduced within the company with the aim of facilitating better communication level within all levels of employees in PAC.

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Analysis Term Paper

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Analysis - Term Paper Example This explains her divided personality (Spark 6). Miss Brodie had a group of 10 year old girls who she considered her group. They would learn things that were not necessarily in the curriculum but were worthy knowing. She chose her group members on the ground that she could put her trust in them, those whose parents could not raise complaints on what their daughters were being taught which was more irrelevant or those whose parents constituted the elite group who had too much knowledge and exposure to complain about Miss Brodie’s teaching methods and policies (Alberto and Ann 6).she also chose girls whose parents were unenlightened to be able to question her teaching policies and who believed in the high rated reputation of this school. Miss Brodie’s untrustworthiness comes out here when she gains trust from the parents and the students and later exposes them to her a lot of details of her intimate life. Miss Brodie is also negligent in that she goes out of her way to teach something like the interior decoration of the author of Winnie The Pooh, skin cleansing substances or about the love life of Charlotte Bronte which is out of the out of the curriculum she was entrusted with. Miss Brodie in one of her grammar lesson decides to tell her students about the accident of her lover. She narrates the story critically and the emotional ten year olds break into tears. When the headmistress Miss Mackay, pays the class n impromptu visit Miss Brodie manages to selfishly lure the students to say that they are crying about a moving history story from the WW1.This was a selfish lie (Spark 8). Miss Jean Brodie was narcissistic and that barred her form genuinely caring about her students and that explains her behavioral contradictory. She burns with a desire to be admired and adored by everyone; more so by the Brodie set (Spark 11) she fails in caring about her students in a healthy way but instead

Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Story - Essay Example In many occasions, the issue of plagiarism is not raised in the legal field, normally because repeatedly there is no room for inventiveness when drafting legal documents. This specific case began with a sad case that involved a family and their child. The family filed a case against British Columbia Women Hospital and Health Care Center and they won an enormous judgment. However, when the health care center went through the ruling of Judge Joel Groves, they found out that he had picked a large portion of his judgment from the complainant’s filings. The hospital went forward to file an appeal, stating that the plagiarism found in his ruling was a sign that the judge did not handle the case correctly and that he was prejudiced against the hospital. The case went to the Canadian Supreme Court and a ruling was made in 2013 (News, 2013). News, C. (2013, May 24). CBC News-British Columbia. Top court reinstates $4M award in plagiarizing-judge suit, 1. Retrieved from

Climate Change in the Holocene period

Climate Change in the Holocene period Wai Kai Choi Executive Summary This assignment is about is the climate change in Holocene period the most important cause of the development of agriculture and I will discuss others area as well like people and plants. The three areas I have chosen to discuss is East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and America. Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinals  and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated  species created food surpluses  that nurtured the development of civilization. Contents (Jump to) Agriculture Species Climate Change East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa America Conclusion Bibliography Agriculture For a large food production through leaving of hunting and gathering because the animal is killed, which cannot reproduce and for agriculture it will continue to produce by nature. People have been forced to agriculture because they think it is more labour intensive than hunting and gathering, and they had no alternative. It has been developed because of people desire by wanting special status foods, which is what the social need and want to generate our lives by competition with other that normal will produce power by having desire for new statuses and new things. Figure 1: The origins and spread of agriculture (Scarre, D. 2013, p189) The demographic theory suggested that people need to adopt agriculture follow by the end of the ice age and the rise in world population. Agriculture did not start during the Pleistocene because the cold, glacial climate was not favourable to it. Agriculture was impossible in the Pleistocene ice age because the climate was extremely cold and dry, containing higher levels of carbon dioxide, and varied greatly sometimes in periods of a decade or less. (Scarre, D. 2013, p186) Species Figure 2: Summary of the numbers of megafaunal genera (Perspectives in (human) ecology, 2007) The Holocene death includes the disappearance of megafauna, which is the end of the Ice Age that, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago. This may have been due to the loss of the mammoth  that had maintained grasslands  that became birch forests without the mammoths. The new forest and the resulting forest fires may have induced climate change. Such disappearances might be the result of the proliferation  of modern humans  which led to climate change. Climate Change The world is getting warmer by the temperatures has risen upon an average 2 to 5 oC and the Arctic sea ice is getting less, which will cause a rise in sea level. Holocene Climatic Optimum is describing the earlier southern warm period, which is between 8,000 to 10,500 years ago that was immediately following the end of the last ice age. (Scarre, D. 2013, p177) Figure 3: Temperature changes (Brahea Axel,2013) The key reason on agriculture developed is the relationship between human and the environment which is suggested by Oasis theory. The climate became warmer, causing vegetation to increase and shift from one type to another. People adapted to this by changing the foods they ate and altering their lifestyle. Many people began to domesticate plants and animals at this time, both as a direct and indirect response to climate change, thus the origin of agriculture. (Scarre, D. 2013, p186) End of Ice Age the climate changes, which the human response is established to save Antarctica by every land of the globe for agriculture that the human societies increasingly prolific and new forms of social and economic activity developed. East Asia In 8,000 years ago, Northern China has been the domestication centre for foxtail millet and broomcorn millet, these are the species that they have produced and in 7,500 years ago these species is widely cultivated in the Yellow River basin. Later on in Southern China rice was domesticated and in Northern China 5,000 years ago, they domesticated soybean, then around 2,500 BC orange and peach has originated in China. The climate change has an impact in China, which created higher rainfall and warm temperate forest belts. (Wikipedia, 2014) The vegetation experienced different changes over the Holocene in various sub-regions. Near the boundary between modern forest and temperate steppe in Northeast China, forest showed clear expansion in the middle Holocene. In central China near the boundary between forest and desert, vegetation showed various patterns at different sites. Further west of the Tibetan Plateau near the boundary between highland meadow and desert, forest expanded at most sites during the early and middle Holocene. Our synthesis indicates that the climate in the marginal region was slightly moist in the early Holocene, wettest in the middle Holocene, and dry in the late Holocene, though there are regional differences as reflected by vegetation change. This general pattern is very different from either monsoon- or westerly-dominated regions. The maximum moisture occurred during the early Holocene in the monsoon region, while the arid central Asia dominated by the westerlies was dry in the early Holocene and wettest in the mid-Holocene. The interplay of the Asian summer monsoon, westerlies, topography and regional vegetation factors might have contributed to this spatial complexity. It is hard for people to stop hunting and gathering to change it to agriculture because there are forms of wild and animal to be domesticated. This intensive gather together of a very limited number of species just by hunting and gathering. â€Å"This transition from gazelle hunting to sheep and goat herding, where it seems that gazelle never were brought into the domesticated category and that when domesticated animals come into use it’s actually replaced by sheep and goat.† (Watkins, T, 2014). Sub-Saharan Africa There are three areas, which are independently developing agriculture is Ethiopian highlands, Sahei and West Africa. In Ethiopian highlands the most famous domesticated is coffee out of all the other domesticated that are khat, ensete, noog, teff and finger millet. For Sahel domesticated are sorghum and pearl millet. The first domesticated in West Africa is kola nut, which has become an ingredient in Coca Cola and the other domesticated is oil palm, African rice and yams. (Wikipedia, 2014) In Africa agriculture have been they cultivated for millennia came after their domestication elsewhere. The re-domesticated in Africa 5,000 years ago in a place called Papua New Guinea they have domesticated taro and Asian yams. African Humid Period is a wetter period of time due to a strengthening of the African monsoon by changes in summer radiation, which is between 16,000 and 6,000 years ago. In Green Sahara during this period, it has produced numerous of lakes by the rainfall of nature that have contain the wild animal of crocodiles and hippopotamus fauna, this is caused by climate change, it has an effect on the species of agriculture and animal. South Africas southern coastal margin is recognised as being a highly dynamic climatic region that plays a critical role in both regional and global atmospheric and oceanic circulation dynamics. Our understanding of the past dynamics of this system, however, has been limited by the number and nature of datasets available that can be used to infer changes in key climatic parameters in the region. Combined, a negative relationship is apparent between temperature and humidity in this area of the southern Cape, and these changes can for the first time be clearly linked to variations in Antarctic sea-ice extent and shifts in the southern westerly storm track. This dynamic is a reduction in sea-ice extent and a southward shift of the westerlies are manifested regionally by increased temperatures and a phase of marked aridity. America In early 8,000 to 6,000 BC in Mesoamerica has domesticated is corn, beans and squash, but the beans came later on in 4,000 BC, also South America has domesticated potatoes and manioc. Around 2,500 BC they have grown sunflower, sumpweed and goosefoot in America. People in this regional most of them relied on hunting and gathering for millennia, which farming life have not been developed until the second millennium BC. (Wikipedia, 2014) The first peak of the warmth in North Amercia from 11,000 to 9,000 years ago when the Laurentide ice sheet is still chilled, then 4,000 years later it has experienced warming, which the temperature suddenly rises and the ice sheet slowly melt. Three other factors must be added to this is complex solar cycles, Earths orbital variations, it also called Milankovitch cycles, which occur over intervals of tens to hundreds of thousands of years, and different rates of change and climatic conditions depending on location. The retreat of the continental glaciers of the Wisconsinan stage began in central North America around 10,000 years ago, but it did not occur in northern Canada and Alaska until nearly 6000 years ago. The retreat has yet to occur in Greenland. Sea level rise from the melting of the glaciers affected coastal areas globally, so much so that in the late 1800s, some scientists believed that this sea level rise should be the defining characteristic of the Holocene. Conclusion For this report question I agree with it that I think the development of agriculture is the beginning Holocene period the climate change, which has an affect the globe by the temperature have been rise that have caused the ice sheet slowly melt, which will cause the sea level rise and it has produced warmer and wetter weather. This is a great time for develops agriculture because to grow food from the ground, it need water, which is the rain and sun, which make the earth warmer. It is the most important cause of agriculture to production more different types of food and the large species is disappearing by the climate change, this mean animal is dying by an animal not produce enough to keep a life in this period and condition of the environment is not suitable for them. Bibliography Axel, B., 2013. Mini Ice Age?. [Online] Available at: http://www.palmtalk.org/forum/index.php?/topic/39737-mini-ice-age/page-7 [Accessed 04 12 2014]. human-macroecology blogspot, 2007. Perspectives In (Human) Ecology. [Online] Available at: http://human-macroecology.blogspot.co.uk/2007/10/background-how-humans-alter.html [Accessed 01 12 2014]. Perkins, P., Scarre, C. Watkins, T., 2014. Track 2. [Sound Recording] (The Open Univeristy). Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 177-199. Watkins, T., 2014. Track 2. [Sound Recording] (The Open University). Wikipedia, 2014. Neolithic Revolution. [Online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution [Accessed 01 12 2014]. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp.189. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 177. Scarre, C., 2013. Chapter 5 The world transformed: from foragers and farmers to states and empires. In: C. Scarre, ed. The human past. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, pp. 186.

Violin Essay examples -- Literature Music Composers Essays

Violin Music and art, the feelings that go through a person while the music of Mozart and Beethoven are playing, are indescribable. Listening to music can take a person away to a different era. Music like Mozart or Beethoven can really take a person's imagination soaring in a whole new perspective. Composers throughout the novel, Violin were Beethoven, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky. Violin was a truly fabulous name for this story. It contains many fantastic elements as well as realistic elements; however, it should not be confused with magical realism. Violin copy written in 1997 by Anne Rice. She has written several novels that were imaginary and fantastic. The novels that Anne Rice has written have that kind of effect on a person while reading her novels. During the story, the unreal elements of the story started with the fact that she kept her husband with her after he had been passed away for several days. The unreal elements of this situation is that anybody in her right mind wouldn't keep a dead body in the house with her and not tell anybody that he was dead. In a matter of time, the body would start to smell and start to rot. One of the unreal elements that are in the story was the man standing outside playing the violin. The man would stand in the light of the lamppost in the alley and play the violin. Watching the man playing the violin through the window made the main character think that she was dreaming. Listening to the music during the course of this type of emotional state that she was in made her stay calm and find herself in a type of dreamland. The music would take her somewhere else besides reality. Music can take a person elsewhere, in the future, in the past, and in la la land. Even though music can b... ...gical realism is in the fact that the woman didn't want to give up her husband and face reality. She kept him as long as she could to her self until she had to give him up. Grief happens this way in the real world. The family members do not want to give up the family member who has passed away. The magic was in the story; fantastic was also here in the story. Also, the music by Mozart and Beethoven can really take a person's imagination soaring in a whole new perspective. The Violin has suspense and excitement' the anticipation of the happenings during the story was uneventful. Works Cited Rice, Anne, Violin. N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. Robkin, Eric S. The Fantastic in Literature. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton UP, 1978. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Form. Cleveland: The Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1973.

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques Assignment 2 Part 1: Financial Appraisal techniques Part 2: Forecasting Part 1-Financial Appraisal Techniques Task 1. NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) Year PROJECT X ? 000Project Y ? 000Discount FactorXY 0-200-200-200-200 1352180. 90931. 815198. 162 280100. 82666. 088. 26 390100. 75167. 597. 51 47540. 68351. 2252. 732 52030. 62112. 421. 863 229219 1)NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) X= 229-200=29 Y=219-200=19 PAYBACK PERIOD: Cumulative Cash Flow Year PROJECT X ? 000Project Y ? 000XY -200-200-200-200 135218-165-18 28010-8528 39010538 47548042 520310045 10045 TASK 2: Net Present value The present value of an investments future net cash flows minus the initial investment. If positive, the investment should be considered (unless an even better investment exists), otherwise it should not. It is a calculation based on the idea that ? 1 received in ten years time is not worth as much as ? 1 received now because the ? 1 received now could be invested for those ten y ears and compound into a higher value. The NPV calculation establishes what the value of future earnings is in todays money. To do the calculation you apply a discount % rate to the future earnings. NPV is said to be short for net present value, it is the present value of net cash flows. It is commonly used for appraisals on projects. The advantage of using NPV is that it tells you if a project will add or deduct value from the business and hence decisions are taken of whether to accept it or reject it. Advantages: It will also give accurate position for commonly special projects. -It gives an absolute value. -NPV allow for the time value for the cash flows considers both magnitude and timing of cash flows †¢Consistent with shareholder wealth maximization: Added net present values generated by investments are represented in higher stock prices. †¢Indicates whether a proposed project will yield the investor’s required rate of return Disadvantages: †¢It is very difficult to identify the correct discoun t rate. Many people find it difficult to work with a dollar return rather than a percentage return because it is hard to directly compare projects unlike say a percentage return as calculated using IRR †¢It needs to be interpreted carefully because the overall NPV reflects the scale of the project as well as the rate of return. IRR Like the NPV method used for capital budgeting, the IRR method also uses cash flows and recognizes the time value of money. NPV and IRR may give conflicting decisions where projects differ in their scale of investment. Advantages IRR allows you to compare projects easily because it is a percentage †¢Also it can direct attention to situations where it might be better to do multiple versions of the same project with a high IRR †¢In calculating IRR it can give an indication of how sensitive the Net Present Value is to changes in discount rate †¢Considers both the magnitude and the timing of cash flows Disadvantage †¢Multiple internal rates of return with unconventional cash flows †¢Any change in sign (+,-) in period cash flows produces as many IRR’s as there are changes in the cash flow directions of the investment, lending or borrowing. Assumes cash flow is reinvested at the IRR rate and this may not be a realistic assumption NPV and IRR compared NPV assumes that project cash flows are reinvested at the company's required rate of return; the IRR assumes that they are reinvested at the IRR. Since IRR is higher than the required rate of return, in order for the IRR to be accurate, the company would have to keep finding projects that would reinvest the cash flow at this higher rate. It would be difficult for a company to keep this up forever, thus NPV is more accurate. NPV method assumes that CFs are reinvested at the cost of capital K IRR method assumes that CFs are reinvested at IRR Can lead to conflicts in ranking of mutually exclusive projects Crossover NPV is superior to IRR when choosing among mutually exclusive investments Payback †¢Ignores the time value of money. This weakness is eliminated with the discounted payback method. Advantages †¢It is very simple †¢Helps prevent cash flow problems †¢Useful where technology changes rapidly or there are other sources of risk as it asks the question how quickly do we get the money back? Measure of risk and liquidity †¢Useful for evaluating small projects Disadvantages †¢Ignores the time value of money †¢Ignores cash flows after the payback period †¢Objective not consistent with shareholder wealth maximization rather it focuses on risk minimization ARR Advantages †¢It clearly shows profitability of a project †¢It allows easy comparison between project s †¢The opportunity cost of investment can be taken into account †¢It can be easily compared to the target return on long term capital employed which is calculated in the same way Disadvantages †¢More complex than pay back It does not take into account the effects of inflation on the value of money over a time period. ARR Advantages †¢It clearly shows profitability of a project †¢It allows easy comparison between projects †¢The opportunity cost of investment can be taken into account Disadvantages †¢More complex than pay back †¢It does not take into account the effects of inflation on the value of money over a time period. TASK 3 PUBLIC SECTOR PROJECTS: Cash In Flows TOIN8% Inflation AdjustmentInflation Adjustment Value T1250001. 0827000 T2250001. 1729250 T3250001. 2631500 T340001. 265040 Cash Out Flow OUT10% Inflation AdjustmentInflation Adjustment Value T01000010000 T11000018000 T1180001. 1020900 T2190001. 2122990 Net Inflation adjusted cash flows NPV INOUTNet Cash FlowNet Present Discount FactorDiscounted Cash Flow T0-1000010000110000 T12700010000170000. 8514450 T1-18000180000. 8515300 T2292502090083500. 726012 T3315002299085100. 615191. 1 T35040-50400. 613074. 4 PART 2-FORECASTING DIXON COMPANY Solution: NOVEMBERDECEMBERJANUARYFEBRUARYMARCHAPRILMAYJUNE Sales/Budgeted Sales Units (Given)10001200140016001800200022002600 Sales budgeted/ sales ? working note 1)50,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000110,000130,000 Budgeted Production (Given)12001400160020002400260024002200 Cost Budgeted Manufacturing Cost ? Material (working note 2)31,20036,40041,60052,00062,40067,60062,40057,200 Labour(working note 3)9,60011,20012,80016,00019,20020,80019,20017,600 Variable overheads (working note 4)2,4002,8003,2004,0004,8005,2004,8004,400 Fixed Overheads (Given)5,5005,5005,5005,5005,500 5,5005,5005,500 Total Production Cost (working note 5)48,70055,90063,10077,50091,90099,10091,90084,700 working note 1 Sales budgeted/ sales ? = Sales/Budgeted Sales Units x 50 working note 2 Material = Budgeted Production x 26 working note 3 Labour = Budgeted Production x 8 working note 4 Variable overheads = Budgeted Production x 2 working note 5 Total Production Cost = Material + Labour + Variable Overheads+ Fixed Overheads Work Out Cash Flow Forecast NovemeberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJune Opening Balance35,500 Sales70,00080,00090,000100,000110,000130,000 Less: Material-41,600-52,000-62,400-67,600-62,400-57,200 Labour-12,800-16,000-19,200-20,800-19,200-17,600 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Fixed Overheads-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500 Machinery120034000 Closing Balance Task 2 Solution: NOVEMBERDECEMBERJANUARYFEBRUARYMARCHAPRILMAYJUNE Sales/Budgeted Sales Units (Given)10001200140016001800200022002600 Sales budgeted/ sales ? (working note 1)75,00090,000105,000120,000135,000150,000165,000195,000 Budgeted Production (Given)12001400160020002400260024002200 Cost Budgeted Manufacturing Cost ? Material (working note 2)31,20036,40041,60052,00062,40067,60062,40057,200 Labour(working note 3)9,60011,20012,80016,00019,20020,80019,20017,600 Variable overheads (working note 4)2,4002,8003,2004,0004,8005,2004,8004,400 Fixed Overheads (Given)5,5005,5005,5005,5005,5005,5005,5005,500 Total Production Cost (working note 5)48,70055,90063,10077,50091,90099,10091,90084,700 working note 1 Sales budgeted/ sales ? = Sales/Budgeted Sales Units x 75 working note 2 Material = Budgeted Production x 26 working note 3 Labour = Budgeted Production x 8 working note 4 Variable overheads = Budgeted Production x 2 working note 5 Total Production Cost = Material + Labour + Variable Overheads+ Fixed Overheads Work Out Cash Flow Forecast NovemeberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJune Opening Balance35,500 Sales70,00080,00090,000100,000110,000130,000 Less: Material-41,600-52,000-62,400-67,600-62,400-57,200 Labour-12,800-16,000-19,200-20,800-19,200-17,600 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Variable Overheads (50%)-6,400-8,000-9,600-10,400-9,600-8,800 Fixed Overheads-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500-5,500 Machinery120034000 Closing Balance

Founder/Ceo

Wangoh Dynamics Technologies Network and Telecommunication Services and Solutions Memo To: The Government of Sierra Leone (West Africa) From: Saa E. Fillie-Founder/CEO and Network Engineer Date: March 20. 2013 Ref: The Cost Benefit of Virtualization Technology Many enterprising companies are looking for ways to better IT departments, improve business models and create lower operating costs. Until a few years ago, it seemed as if an all-encompassing solution to those problems has been taken care of by virtualization that is now a reliable, efficient and customizable solution to those business requests and more.Whether used to provide better customer service, to be more eco-friendly or to gain more company memory, the virtualization technology of today offer many benefits to enterprising companies all over the world, creating innovative solutions to work based problems on a daily basis. Virtualization has not only captured the business world by storm with its innovative and creative so lutions but it also offers proven advantages in several areas of industry, IT and service. Below is a list of a few of the advantages and solutions that virtualization technology can offer the enterprise around the globe.Virtual Desktops Many corporations and enterprises are looking to reduce their footprint and create more efficient operating systems. This can be done with one aspect of virtualization, virtual desktops. Virtual desktops have the ability to create more space within a desktop computer or on actual desk space through the use of software which expands a desktops environment beyond physical limits through virtualization. This can create a more eco-friendly environment with less computers using energy and lower operating costs as well as offering continuous transitions between multiple operating system.Enhanced System Security A fear of many enterprises considering virtualization in their business is that all the advantages of this technology will compromise the security of sensitive, private and legal company information. However, that is not the case; in fact virtualization in business provides enhanced security, making it more difficult for hackers to find key information. Unlike other security systems, virtualization has the ability to single out and trace requests.If a request seems fishy or unsuitable, virtualization security technologies will reroute hackers to another location, securing and keeping enterprising business information safe from harm. Better System Reliability Non-virtualized networks and systems are more prone to crashes and memory corruption due to software installments such as device drivers. Through virtualization, I/O resources can be isolated providing better security (see above,) reliability and even availability across devices for business purposes. Disaster RecoveryAlong the same lines as better system reliability, virtualization also provides enterprising businesses with better, faster and more secure disaster recover y. This is possible because this technology is able to take a virtual image or information and transfer it to another server in the instance that the original server may be crashing. This prevents information loss and provides a constant stream of secure and safe information. Space and Server Consolidation When an organization has a physical database, it can take up to ten machines to provide the same amount of workload to one virtual machine.This means that up to ten applications can be ran on a solitary virtual machine, consolidating physical space as well as server use, therefore saving energy usage, operating costs and server expenses. Scalability One advantage of virtualization technology is its unique ability to be scalable. What this means is that unlike purchasing X amount of computer memory or RAM for a company, the possibilities with virtualization are endless. The workload and space needed one month may change in the next and virtualization accommodates those changes by f luxuating to fit the needs of an enterprise at the time of use.This also saves on energy consumption and operating costs because virtualization service providers oft will only charge for what was used. Endless Memory and Accessibilities One aspect of scalability is virtualization’s advantage of seemingly endless memory. Enterprising businesses can take advantage of limitless memory to house business information, client details, invoices and financial records all in an accessible, crash protected and secure place. Virtualization is accessible anywhere there is an internet connection, allow for access to important company information anywhere in the world.This is great for traveling business owners, work from home employees or access away from work. This also allows companies to offer better customer service to clients because of the ease of access as well as the quick pull up of saved information stored in a limitless memory location. Many enterprising companies are looking fo r ways to better IT departments, improve business models and create lower operating costs, all of which can be accomplished with the modern marvel technology that is virtualization.Whether used to provide better customer service, to be more eco-friendly or to gain more company memory, the virtualization technology of today offer many benefits to enterprising companies all over the world, creating innovative solutions to work based problems on a daily basis. Return on Investment School of thoughts have argued in various platform about the huge capital investment return in virtualization, there are multiple factors which determine how to go about deciding what type of monitoring an Information Technology (IT) department should embark on.In order to properly evaluate a specific IT environment, one must first determine whether or not to virtualize. Virtualization can be stressed as a life saver for countless IT departments over the past few years. What first needs to be determined howev er, is if in fact an organization really needs to virtualize. Perhaps database, application servers, network services, etc don’t truly need to become virtualized, maybe they do. What we are trying to determine today is the Return on Investment (ROI) for virtualization.Technologist, Researchers and Students helps quantify virtualizing an IT infrastructure. If an organization is in the process of acquiring a new company (or being liquidated) and subsequently moving locations, they must first take a look in their server room*. If it is overcrowded, under powered or outdated, then yes†¦ virtualization is probably important. What everyone in the IT department wants to know then, is virtualization right for my organization and more importantly my department? [pic]The resources being saved on just power and hardware along are staggering. Keeping costs lower for the overall organization is obviously crucial, especially when it comes to things such as never having to redeploy app lication solutions*. This will save you time and subsequently money: no server hardware refreshing costs, limited annual server-related power costs*. The greater questions then arise, how much time will it take a department to make the complete switch? Will the ROI be worth the increased labor hours to become fluent with the virtualized world?What types of challenges will come about from the overall business perspective? |Reducing Infrastructure Costs Through Virtualization | | |   | | |Introduction | | |Nowadays, we live in uncertain times all around the world.When it comes to architecture | | |and design, we must think a lot more in costs—unlike in other times, when we used to think| | |first of the solution and then in costs. If we had a streamlined and defined return on | | |investment (ROI), only then did the project get the green light. Today, if we think about | |projects, it is necessary to have a precise budget and defined cost first before we can | | |start to t hink about the project. | | |Upon brief reflection of what IT architecture is, one finds that the model that the whole | | |world favors (because of costs and the evolution of technologies) is the virtualization | | |model.Ten years ago, it was all about decentralization—both in data centers and servers, | | |and in communication and desktops. When we thought of an application, we always tried to | | |have the layers of such an application as close to the client as possible; data centers, | | |databases, and e-mail servers were distributed all over. | |This situation was the result of being unable to face the huge cost of having hardware | | |equipment of multiple large capabilities (such as an eight-processor server and lots and | | |lots of RAM gigabytes) or having redundant point-to-point communication links with good | | |bandwidth—the cost of which only large companies could consider including in their | | |architecture.All of this encouraged a decentralized IT ad ministration model that required| | |specialists in the different platforms of each site. | | | | |   | | |The Original Model | | |Although this model worked for years, many things were not considered that today have | | |rendered this model not as efficient as was initially thought. | |[pic] | | | | | |Figure 1.Typical scheme | | |   | | |Taking as an example the analysis of a distributed application that was devised 10 years | | |ago, there was an architecture in which it was important to have the data near the client,| | |which led to the following scheme: | | |A database in the central office in which the information from the different sites, the | | |database from each site, the application server from each site, and the local applications| | |that were installed on each desktop were all consolidated. | | |A replication scheme among the databases was used for the distribution of information. | |This drove us to have database administration for each site, besides havi ng on each site | | |an infrastructure administrator who had thorough knowledge. | | |Initially, this had (as variables within the equation) high communication-link costs, | | |large servers that represented a very high cost, and operative systems that were neither | | |very solid nor rigid with regard to changes and also had little functionality—that is, | | |they offered very few functions or roles within the operative system. | |For many of the needs of the company, it was necessary to add software that could comply | | |with that functionality. In addition, in order to carry out the tiniest of changes, it was| | |necessary to set the server offline and have IT personnel who represented an average cost. | | |The variable that was not really considered was the updating and maintenance of the whole | | |structure, which at the time—due to the fact that technology did not evolve in the way | | |that it does today—was not such an important aspect. | |If we consid er basic accounting principles (which I have learned during recent years), one| | |should always see the IT personnel as an asset to the company, with both amortization time| | |(which is the time that it takes to shape the person, according to the culture and needs | | |of the company) and an updating cost (which is what must be invested to have a person | | |trained in the different technologies as they evolve). | | |Over time, all of this changed; the variables in this equation also changed, and the | | |updating and maintenance variable (which in many cases had not been taken into account) | | |started to gain more and more importance. | |This is the equation that we face nowadays: | | |Average to low communication-link costs (taking into account the virtual private network),| | |large servers with many RAM gigabytes at average to low cost, operative systems that had | | |hundreds of embedded and flexible options and lots of functionality (many things already | | |come solved an d embedded in the operative system, so that in general it is not necessary | | |to set the server offline to make these changes), average to high personnel costs, and | | |average to high updating and maintenance costs. | |Within the scheme that is encouraged today, many things must be considered; it is | | |necessary, therefore, to have the whole scheme in mind—not just a part of it—to avoid | | |making the same mistakes that we incurred in the past. | | |Nowadays, when uncertainty (crises, corporate mergers, acquisitions, and constant changes)| | |is all around, it is vital to work toward an environment that would basically support | | |constant dynamic changes. More than ever, it is necessary to think about platform and | | |application updating, growth, and corporate and budget contractions.This, of course, will| | |highly influence the model that is to be chosen, and that model (taking into account the | | |aforementioned equation) should be based mainly on the up dating and maintenance variable. | | |When we consider all of the preceding, we will see that the model that best fits is the | | |virtualization model applied to all of the possible levels, where all of the equation | | |variables are considered in order to determine feasibility and total cost of ownership | | |(TCO). | |There will be infinite virtualization scenarios—from choosing cloud computing in specific | | |services and virtualizing (or outsourcing) the whole or part of the IT department to using| | |virtualization for servers, applications, or desktops. | | |   | | |Server Virtualization | | |Today, there are many important players and technologies that have been widely tested, | | |such as Microsoft Hyper-V and VMWare.The hardware costs have gone considerably down: If | | |we were to compare four- to eight-processor equipment of the past to one today, it would | | |result in an important cost margin that would be an improvement, and it would be necessary| | |to a dd the progress that has been made in technologies and redundancy within equipment, | | |board, hot-plug memories, and so on. | | |Generally speaking, almost all the components of the server can be changed without having | | |to take the server offline.The same thing applies to operative systems. This means that | | |we can do away with the theory that was used in the past, according to which we used to | | |divide into different hardware pieces the different business applications. In addition to | | |this, the advantages of tolerance to failure in the virtualization schemes that are used | | |today make it possible to take a physical server offline without affecting the virtual | | |server that is running in that physical server.This, of course, means that from a simple | | |technical point of view, there is already a huge advantage in the use of server | | |virtualization. | | |From an architectural point of view, this allows us to respond to organizational changes | | |quickly. A bove all (and this is something to consider nowadays), this also enables us to | | |achieve substantial savings at the time of shaping a data center. There will also be | | |savings in the electrical bill, refrigeration costs, physical space, and hardware. | | |Moreover, deployment and disaster recovery will be much simpler. | |All of this will result in lower maintenance costs—whether we have our own IT department | | |in 100 percent administration of this platform or a virtualized environment of the IT | | |department (later, we will develop the IT department cost, as well as the options and the | | |reasons behind virtualizing it). This all leads to there not being almost any scenario in | | |which virtualization is not applied and which will not result in a much lower TCO. | |   | | |Desktop Virtualization | | |In this regard, it is also possible to find very well-developed and well-tested | | |technologies, such as Microsoft Terminal Server, Citrix, and so on. This k ind of | | |virtualization was previously thought about for remote points or links that had a | | |relatively small bandwidth.Nowadays, it is used as a method to reduce | | |desktop-administration expenses, because (thanks to this technology) it is possible | | |technically to have tolerance to failures, add it to the server-virtualization scheme, and| | |create a pool of servers. There is substantial reduction of the desktop-maintenance cost | | |and the cost of desktops themselves, because with equipment that has smaller hardware, it | | |is possible to run any kind of application and still have centralized control and | | |deployment of applications and security policies. | |   | | |Virtualization of the IT Department | | |In the past, there was a relatively low or not-so-significant IT department cost, compared| | |to the one nowadays. Today, there is a high IT department cost, and it is necessary to | | |consider the following variables: training in new technologies, trainin g in the company | | |environment, the cost of personnel search, and the time during which the search takes | | |place. All of this leads to the IT department not being able to respond with the speed | | |that the company needs. In ddition, we currently experience a high labor turnover, which | | |means that many times this process has to start again—which, of course, drives the cost | | |upwards. | | |If we consider all of these factors, especially the costs and the time that the search | | |involves, we will see that having a virtualized IT department results in a lower TCO and | | |in every possible advantage. With virtualization, all of these IT-department problems are | | |moved to an external company that is exclusively devoted to IT, particularly as it refers | | |to specialists in technology or in specific technologies.This would mean that there is no| | |point in having a specialist as part of the internal IT department. | | |   | | |Cloud Computing | | |Currentl y, there an infinite number of services are available on the Web, from e-mail | | |services (as has been the case for a very long time) to CRM, ERP, Document Managers, and | | |other services.This solution naturally offers a world of advantages: It is unnecessary to| | |have a specialist in this technology within our IT department, it is equally unnecessary | | |to maintain that technology from either the hardware or the software point of view, and | | |keeping security copies of the information is no longer required. Depending on the kind of| | |hired service and service-level agreement (SLA), it will be possible to have a redundant | | |and always-online service. In some cases, the cost for this kind of service can be | | |high—depending on both the number of users within our organization who require this | | |service and the characteristics of the service—and is worth considering. | |   | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Example of Archit ecture | | |(Example based on a company with 500 employees. ) | | |[pic] | | | | | |Figure 2.Current architecture | | |   | | |As an example, we will use a virtualization architecture that uses such Microsoft | | |technologies as Hyper-V and Terminal Server. Number of servers: 15. | | |Typical structure of IT department: One manager, two IT administrators, one database | | |administrator (DBA), and five Help Desk employees. | | |Based on everything that was explained previously, we will take the best of each | | |virtualization technology to carry out a cost reduction. | |Server Virtualization | | |It will be possible to reduce approximately 15 noncritical servers into 4 physical servers| | |that will be able to support these 15 virtual servers. It will be necessary to carry out a| | |load analysis and distribute the servers and business applications correctly. Nowadays, | | |given the kind of roles of a typical company server, there are not many servers that have | | |a high p rocessing consumption; thus, it will be necessary to isolate these kinds of | | |servers, so that a resource competition conflict is not generated.It will also be | | |necessary to include (if we do not already have it) an external storage in which our | | |virtualization scheme will be stored (so that it is possible to work on it in a cluster) | | |and which will have tolerance to failure of all of the virtual equipment. All of this will| | |be possible by using Microsoft Windows Server 2008 64 bits and Hyper-V System Center | | |Virtual Machine Manager to carry out the P2V conversions. | |Cost Reduction | | |Within this example, it will be possible to reduce approximately 70 percent of the energy | | |consumption, as a result of less consumption on the part of the servers. In addition, | | |there will also be a reduction of approximately 70 percent in the refrigeration | | |consumption, as a result of the use of storage. | | |The licensing cost will also decrease (when we use Micr osoft licensing) very | | |substantially. The Microsoft licensing scheme is based on Table 1. In the table, we can | |see that by using Windows Server 2008 data-center server licensing, it will be possible to| | |obtain a reduction in licensing from 15 servers (which will be able to use different | | |versions of Windows Server 2008, depending on the processor and RAM needs) to only 4 (with| | |data-center or enterprise licenses). Depending on the versions of Microsoft Windows that | | |are used, in the least favorable scenario, we will achieve a reduction in cost of 50 | | |percent. | |Version of Windows Server 2008 host | | |Covered virtual servers | | | | | |Standard | | |1 | | | | | |Enterprise | | |4 | | | | | |Data center | | |Unlimited | | | | | |Table 1.Microsoft Licensing Scheme | | |   | | | | | | | | |Desktop Virtualization | | |Depending on the memory consumption of the applications, it will be possible to implement | | |approximately five virtual servers for Terminal Server— typically, in five physical | | |servers to cover 500 work positions.The main advantage of having virtualized servers is | | |that this will automatically commute to any other, in case of a failure in any physical | | |equipment. | | |In this way, we will be able to have a desktop with fewer resources, and it will be | | |possible to update the applications more rapidly, as with deployment, management of | | |printers, and any other desktop problem. In turn, this will also enable us to make the | | |desktop of the user available to remote or external users. | |Cost Reduction | | |If we consider, on the one hand, the cost of updating 500 desktops as a result of the | | |installation of some business application and, on the other hand, the purchase of five | | |32-GB RAM servers and two Quad Core processors each, we will obtain a cost reduction of | | |approximately 90 percent. | | |Virtualization of the IT Department | | |It is first necessary to analyze the c ritical and noncritical applications; it is | | |important also to analyze the IT labor market in the country in which it is applied. | | |Generally speaking, the advice that is given is to virtualize whatever is difficult to get| | |in the market and to have partial virtualization of the IT department.For this | | |example—and considering the current work market—we will opt to virtualize (for example) | | |only one IT administrator and one DBA; the Help Desk, one IT Administrator, and the IT | | |manager will continue to be physical. By having an SLA with external suppliers and a | | |framework work contract, it will be possible to increase rapidly the IT department or | | |change swiftly the scheme without a great increase in initial costs. It will also be | | |possible to decrease training costs, hiring costs, and so on. | |[pic] | | | | | |Figure 3. Virtual-server scenario | | |   | | |Cost Reduction | | |If we consider the TCO, hiring costs, training costs, an d salaries, we will obtain a cost | | |reduction of approximately 55 percent. | |Cloud Computing | | |Let us take an application that will not be worth having internally, because of the size | | |of the company. For this example, we will use a CRM. Ten CRM licenses will be hired | | |online. In this way, no costs will be associated to the initial licensing, administration | | |training, CRM server deployment, disaster-recovery policies, or anything that pertains to | | |administration of the CRM. | | |Cost Reduction | |Based on online services, there will be a cost reduction of approximately 80 percent—based| | |on 10 licenses, and considering the initial cost of having a server, trained personnel, | | |backup policies, and so on. | | | | | | | | |Financial Benefits of Virtualization | | |. | |â€Å"Leveraging virtual computer environments has increased the opportunities for teaching and| | |learning. This particular solution is cost effective and sustainable in many diffe rent | | |ways. Tech related costs have reduced by a little over $250,000 a year. That is a | | |combination of lower software costs, app software costs, and extending the life of the | | |hardware. That in turn reduces the cost of the hardware by about 35-40% when they do | | |replace it.Computers can be renewed with hardware that is much more cost efficient | | |because it does not need to be the latest and greatest machine. The computers that are | | |replaced cost around $500 or less. | | |IT staff numbers are down, mainly because of a reduction in PC technicians. Everything is | | |moving back towards the data center and, because of the way they implement their | | |environment, every time a user accesses an app or a desktop they are actually accessing a | | |copy of a perfect image.Every time you open up Word it is a brand new fresh copy and when| | |you are done using it that image goes away so you are not really re-using it. SCC does | | |manage their profile information so if they create custom shortcuts it will be applied | | |over that virtual application. This way they still get that customized personalized | | |environment. Pooling resources reduced hardware and software costs while extending the | | |life of current hardware resources. This lowers the school’s total cost of ownership and | | |makes a very significant difference. | | |To read the rest of this report, Desktop Virualization for the Real World, IMF members can| | |log-in | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | |Conclusion | | |The virtualization scenario makes it possible to make structural changes in the IT | | |department with the speed that the market actually needs. | | |We can have strong cost reduction, because with a physical structure, we often do not use | | |all of the resources—hardware, software, employees, and so on—at 100 percent.On the other| | |hand, with virtualization we have the opposite case: We use and push the resource | | |utilizat ion as far as possible, and then we add more resources to virtualize. | | |In our example, we can see the individual cost reduction; if we look at it globally, | | |however, the cost reduction is more significant. | | |   | | |   | |